TY - JOUR

T1 - Miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques in sample preparation applied to food matrices

T2 - A review

AU - Jano, Ana

AU - Fuente-Ballesteros, Adrián

AU - Ares, Ana M.

AU - Bernal, José

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors

PY - 2025/6

Y1 - 2025/6

N2 - Sample preparation is a critical step in analytical workflows, especially in food analysis, where complex matrices require efficient and reliable extraction techniques. Traditionally, methods such as liquid–liquid extraction have been widely used. However, the growing need for greener and more sustainable approaches has shifted the focus toward solid-phase extraction (SPE). In recent years, miniaturized SPE techniques have emerged as a powerful alternative, offering reduced sample and solvent consumption, simplified workflows, and compatibility with modern analytical platforms. This review explores the development and application of miniaturized SPE methods in food analysis, discussing key advances, advantages over traditional techniques, and remaining challenges. The solid-phase miniaturized techniques covered include solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction, and dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction. By summarizing the literature and providing a critical overview of these approaches, this work highlights the potential of miniaturized SPE as a cornerstone for innovative and sustainable food analysis.

AB - Sample preparation is a critical step in analytical workflows, especially in food analysis, where complex matrices require efficient and reliable extraction techniques. Traditionally, methods such as liquid–liquid extraction have been widely used. However, the growing need for greener and more sustainable approaches has shifted the focus toward solid-phase extraction (SPE). In recent years, miniaturized SPE techniques have emerged as a powerful alternative, offering reduced sample and solvent consumption, simplified workflows, and compatibility with modern analytical platforms. This review explores the development and application of miniaturized SPE methods in food analysis, discussing key advances, advantages over traditional techniques, and remaining challenges. The solid-phase miniaturized techniques covered include solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction, and dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction. By summarizing the literature and providing a critical overview of these approaches, this work highlights the potential of miniaturized SPE as a cornerstone for innovative and sustainable food analysis.

KW - Food

KW - Green analytical chemistry

KW - Miniaturization

KW - Miniaturized sample preparation techniques

KW - Sample preparation

KW - Solid-phase microextraction

KW - Chemistry

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105004228879

U2 - 10.1016/j.microc.2025.113794

DO - 10.1016/j.microc.2025.113794

M3 - Scientific review articles

AN - SCOPUS:105004228879

VL - 213

JO - Microchemical Journal

JF - Microchemical Journal

SN - 0026-265X

M1 - 113794

ER -