TY - JOUR

T1 - Degradable magnesium-hydroxyapatite interpenetrating phase composites processed by current assisted metal infiltration in additive-manufactured porous preforms

AU - Casas-Luna, Mariano

AU - Montufar, Edgar B.

AU - Hort, Norbert

AU - Díaz-de-la-Torre, Sebastian

AU - Méndez-García, José Claudio

AU - Vištejnová, Lucie

AU - Brínek, Adam

AU - Daňhel, Aleš

AU - Dvořak, Karel

AU - Kaiser, Jozef

AU - Čelko, Ladislav

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant 19-22662S). CzechNanoLab project LM2018110 funded by MEYS CR is gratefully acknowledged for the support of the measurements at CEITEC Nano Research Infrastructure. MCL acknowledges to Brno Ph.D. Talent scholarship and to the Brno University of Technology Internal Project: CEITEC VUT-J-19-5915. SDT acknowledges to CONACYT-SNI and SIP-IPN (SAPPI 20220438). LV acknowledges to project no. NU20-08-00150 (MH, Czechia). Special thanks to A. Patiño-Pineda from CIITEC-IPN for their technical assistance during CAMI, M. Horynová, P. Gejdoš, P. Skarvada and T. Zikmund from CEITEC-BUT for their technical assistance during sample characterization and to Z. Pavlousková from CEITEC-BUT for her assistance in administrative tasks. Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - This work explores ceramic additive manufacturing in combination with liquid metal infiltration for the production of degradable interpenetrating phase magnesium/hydroxyapatite (Mg/HA) composites. Material extrusion additive manufacturing was used to produce stoichiometric, and calcium deficient HA preforms with a well-controlled open pore network, allowing the customization of the topological relationship of the composite. Pure Mg and two different Mg alloys were used to infiltrate the preforms by means of an advanced liquid infiltration method inspired by spark plasma sintering, using a novel die design to avoid the structural collapse of the preform. Complete infiltration was achieved in 8 min, including the time for the Mg melting. The short processing time enabled to restrict the decomposition of HA due to the reducing capacity of liquid Mg. The pure Mg-base composites showed compressive yield strength above pure Mg in cast state. Mg alloy-based composites did not show higher strength than the bare alloys due to grain coarsening, but showed similar mechanical properties than other Mg/HA composites that have significantly higher fraction of metallic phase. The composites showed faster degradation rate under simulated body conditions than the bare metallic component due to the formation of galvanic pairs at microstructural level. Mg dissolved preferentially over HA leaving behind a scaffold after a prolonged degradation period. In turn, the fast production of soluble degradation products caused cell metabolic changes after 24 h of culture with not-diluted material extracts. The topological optimization and reduction of the degradation rate are the topics for future research.

AB - This work explores ceramic additive manufacturing in combination with liquid metal infiltration for the production of degradable interpenetrating phase magnesium/hydroxyapatite (Mg/HA) composites. Material extrusion additive manufacturing was used to produce stoichiometric, and calcium deficient HA preforms with a well-controlled open pore network, allowing the customization of the topological relationship of the composite. Pure Mg and two different Mg alloys were used to infiltrate the preforms by means of an advanced liquid infiltration method inspired by spark plasma sintering, using a novel die design to avoid the structural collapse of the preform. Complete infiltration was achieved in 8 min, including the time for the Mg melting. The short processing time enabled to restrict the decomposition of HA due to the reducing capacity of liquid Mg. The pure Mg-base composites showed compressive yield strength above pure Mg in cast state. Mg alloy-based composites did not show higher strength than the bare alloys due to grain coarsening, but showed similar mechanical properties than other Mg/HA composites that have significantly higher fraction of metallic phase. The composites showed faster degradation rate under simulated body conditions than the bare metallic component due to the formation of galvanic pairs at microstructural level. Mg dissolved preferentially over HA leaving behind a scaffold after a prolonged degradation period. In turn, the fast production of soluble degradation products caused cell metabolic changes after 24 h of culture with not-diluted material extracts. The topological optimization and reduction of the degradation rate are the topics for future research.

KW - Interpenetrating phase composite

KW - Biodegradable metal

KW - Topological relationship

KW - Direct ink writing

KW - Metal infiltration

KW - Computed aided design

KW - Engineering

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138802324&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/21c6e21f-d551-398e-8049-5ea776c1b196/

U2 - 10.1016/j.jma.2022.07.019

DO - 10.1016/j.jma.2022.07.019

M3 - Journal articles

VL - 10

SP - 3641

EP - 3656

JO - Journal of Magnesium and Alloys

JF - Journal of Magnesium and Alloys

SN - 2213-9567

IS - 12

ER -