Anthropogenic platinum fluxes: Quantification of sources and sinks, and outlook
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Jahrgang 6, Nr. 1, 1999, S. 29-36 .
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Anthropogenic platinum fluxes
T2 - Quantification of sources and sinks, and outlook
AU - Helmers, Eckard
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - Employing the data available to date, anthropogenic Pt fluxes are calculated for Germany with special emphasis on the Pt emitted by cars equipped with catalytic converters. Pt fluxes are quantified using five different methods (street deposition, automobile emission rate, sewage sludges, atmospheric load, industrial consumption). During the first and the second methods, approx. 100 kg of emitted Pt are seen to result for both for the mid 1990's. Up to the year 2018, a total of 2100 kg of Pt will be emitted by cars equipped with catalytic converters. The diffuse atmospheric Pt deposition amounts to 0.73 - 4.4 μg/m 2y or 260 kg Pt/year. Industrial sources emitting Pt into the atmosphere are likely but difficult to quantify. The enrichment of Pt in soils during agriculture fertilization with sewage sludges and during diffuse atmospheric deposition result in a level of 46 - 460 ng/kg up to the year 2018. Although this is slightly below the geogenic background, a comparison with the pollution history of Pb implies that forthcoming environmental Pt enrichment should not be neglected.
AB - Employing the data available to date, anthropogenic Pt fluxes are calculated for Germany with special emphasis on the Pt emitted by cars equipped with catalytic converters. Pt fluxes are quantified using five different methods (street deposition, automobile emission rate, sewage sludges, atmospheric load, industrial consumption). During the first and the second methods, approx. 100 kg of emitted Pt are seen to result for both for the mid 1990's. Up to the year 2018, a total of 2100 kg of Pt will be emitted by cars equipped with catalytic converters. The diffuse atmospheric Pt deposition amounts to 0.73 - 4.4 μg/m 2y or 260 kg Pt/year. Industrial sources emitting Pt into the atmosphere are likely but difficult to quantify. The enrichment of Pt in soils during agriculture fertilization with sewage sludges and during diffuse atmospheric deposition result in a level of 46 - 460 ng/kg up to the year 2018. Although this is slightly below the geogenic background, a comparison with the pollution history of Pb implies that forthcoming environmental Pt enrichment should not be neglected.
KW - Chemistry
KW - Umwelt
KW - PGE
KW - Platinum
KW - Platingruppenelemente
KW - Platinum fluxes
KW - Sinks
KW - Pt
KW - Platinum group element
KW - Environmental enrichment
KW - Industrial consumption
KW - Palladium
KW - Street deposition
KW - Pb
KW - Pd
KW - Atmospheric load
KW - Lead
KW - Sewage sludges
KW - Automobile emissions
KW - PGE
KW - Pb
KW - Pd
KW - Pt
KW - atmospheric load
KW - automobile emissions
KW - environmental enrichment
KW - industrial consumption
KW - lead
KW - palladium
KW - platinum fluxes
KW - platinum group element
KW - sewage sludges
KW - sinks
KW - street deposition
KW - Platinum group element
KW - Industrial consumption
KW - Lead
KW - Automobile emissions
KW - Platinum fluxes
KW - Sinks
KW - Environmental enrichment
KW - Palladium
KW - Street deposition
KW - Atmospheric load
KW - Sewage sludges
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=2442720665&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/80b5defc-d073-3ee1-961f-1d6e4991e936/
U2 - 10.1007/BF02987118
DO - 10.1007/BF02987118
M3 - Journal articles
VL - 6
SP - 29
EP - 36
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
SN - 0944-1344
IS - 1
ER -